-
Microbial Cell Factories Mar 2021Lactobacillus spp. have been researched worldwide and are used in probiotics, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation of and experimentation on oral...
BACKGROUND
Lactobacillus spp. have been researched worldwide and are used in probiotics, but due to difficulties with laboratory cultivation of and experimentation on oral microorganisms, there are few reports of Lactobacillus spp. being isolated from the oral cavity and tested against oral pathogens. This research sought to isolate and determine the safety and inhibitory capabilities of a Lactobacillus culture taken from the human body.
RESULTS
One organism was isolated, named "L. gasseri HHuMIN D", and evaluated for safety. A 5% dilution of L. gasseri HHuMIN D culture supernatant exhibited 88.8% inhibition against halitosis-producing anaerobic microorganisms and the organism itself exhibited powerful inhibitory effects on the growth of 11 oral bacteria. Hydrogen peroxide production reached 802 μmol/L after 12 h and gradually diminished until 24 h, it efficiently aggregated with P. catoniae and S. sanguinis, and it completely suppressed S. mutans-manufactured artificial dental plaque. L. gasseri HHuMIN D's KB cell adhesion capacity was 4.41 cells per cell, and the cell adhesion of F. nucleatum and S. mutans diminished strongly in protection and displacement assays.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that L. gasseri HHuMIN D is a safe, bioactive, lactobacterial food ingredient, starter culture, and/or probiotic microorganism for human oral health.
Topics: Antibiosis; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus gasseri; Mouth; Probiotics
PubMed: 33757506
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01563-w -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Aug 2023A growing body of evidence has linked the gut microbiota to liver metabolism. The manipulation of intestinal microflora has been considered as a promising avenue to...
A growing body of evidence has linked the gut microbiota to liver metabolism. The manipulation of intestinal microflora has been considered as a promising avenue to promote liver health. However, the effects of LA39, a potential probiotic, on liver metabolism remain unclear. Accumulating studies have investigated the proteomic profile for mining the host biological events affected by microbes, and used the germ-free (GF) mouse model to evaluate host-microbe interaction. Here, we explored the effects of LA39 gavage on the protein expression profiles of the liver of GF mice. Our results showed that a total of 128 proteins were upregulated, whereas a total of 123 proteins were downregulated by treatment with LA39. Further bioinformatics analyses suggested that the primary bile acid (BA) biosynthesis pathway in the liver was activated by LA39. Three differentially expressed proteins (cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 (CYP27A1), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 (CYP7B1), and cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 (CYP8B1)) involved in the primary BA biosynthesis pathway were further validated by western blot assay. In addition, targeted metabolomic analyses demonstrated that serum and fecal β-muricholic acid (a primary BA), dehydrolithocholic acid (a secondary BA), and glycolithocholic acid-3-sulfate (a secondary BA) were significantly increased by LA39. Thus, our data revealed that LA39 activates the hepatic primary BA biosynthesis and promotes the intestinal secondary BA biotransformation. Based on these findings, we suggest that LA39 confers an important function in the gut‒liver axis through regulating BA metabolism.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Lactobacillus gasseri; Proteomics; Liver; Biotransformation
PubMed: 37551559
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2200439 -
Microorganisms Jul 2021and are human commensal lactobacilli that are candidates for probiotic application. Knowledge of their oligosaccharide metabolic properties is valuable for synbiotic...
and are human commensal lactobacilli that are candidates for probiotic application. Knowledge of their oligosaccharide metabolic properties is valuable for synbiotic application. The present study characterized oligosaccharide metabolic systems and their impact on lipoteichoic acid (LTA) production in the two organisms, i.e., JCM 1131 and JCM 11657. The two strains grew well in medium with glucose but poorly in medium with raffinose, and growth rates in medium with kestose differed between the strains. Oligosaccharide metabolism markedly influenced their LTA production, and apparent molecular size of LTA in electrophoresis recovered from cells cultured with glucose and kestose differed from that from cells cultured with raffinose in the strains. On the other hand, more than 15-fold more LTA was observed in the cells cultured with raffinose when compared with glucose or kestose after incubation for 15 h. Transcriptome analysis identified glycoside hydrolase family 32 enzyme as a potential kestose hydrolysis enzyme in the two strains. Transcriptomic levels of multiple genes in the operon, involved in D-alanine substitution of LTA, were lower in cells cultured with raffinose than in those cultured with kestose or glucose. This suggested that the different sizes of LTA observed among the carbohydrates tested were partly due to different levels of alanylation of LTA. The present study indicates that available oligosaccharide has the impact on the LTA production of the industrially important lactobacilli, which might influence their probiotic properties.
PubMed: 34442669
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081590 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Lactobacilli are the dominant members of the healthy human vaginal microbiota and represent the first defense line from pathogen infection, including vulvovaginal...
Lactobacilli are the dominant members of the healthy human vaginal microbiota and represent the first defense line from pathogen infection, including vulvovaginal candidiasis. Biofilm is the predominant microbial growth form in nature, and the formation of biofilms inside the human body has important implications in health and disease. In particular, the formation of biofilm by members of the human resident microbiota is desirable, as it can improve microbial persistence and influence functionality. In the present study, we investigated the capability of 16 vaginal strains (belonging to , , and species) to form biofilms, and we correlated their mode of growth to anti- activity. strains were the best biofilm producers, and high variability was registered in the level of biofilm formation among and strains. Culture supernatants derived from biofilm and planktonic growth were tested toward a panel of clinical isolates (, , , and ) and their metabolome assessed by H-NMR. and strains exhibited the best fungistatic profile, and biofilms enhanced their anti- activity; on the contrary, strains were more effective when grown in a planktonic mode. Biofilm/planktonic mode of growth also affects metabolism, mainly influencing nitrogen and amino acid pathways, and anti- activity is instead strictly related to carbohydrate metabolism. The present study underlined the strict interdependence between microbial mode of growth, metabolism, and functional properties. Biofilm formation by members of the healthy human microbiota represents a crucial issue in the field of microbial physiology and host-microbiota interactions, beyond supporting the development of new antimycotic strategies based on probiotics grown in adherence.
PubMed: 34777300
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750368 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to disorders involving chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Well-established treatments for IBD have not yet to be...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to disorders involving chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Well-established treatments for IBD have not yet to be suggested. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of co-administration of Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri) KBL697 and infliximab (IFX), the first approved tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor, on the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model. 2 × 10 colony-forming units/g of L. gasseri KBL697 were administered to seven-week-old female C57BL/6J mice daily by oral gavage. On day three, IFX (5 mg/kg) suspended in 1 × PBS (200 µL) was intravenously injected in the IFX-treated group and all mice were sacrificed on day nine. Co-administration of L. gasseri KBL697 and IFX improved colitis symptoms in mice, including body weight, disease activity index, colon length, and histology score. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF were significantly decreased, while IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was increased. Expression levels of tight junction genes and CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T regulatory cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes were synergistically upregulated with the combined treatment. Furthermore, co-administered mice displayed altered cecum microbial diversity and composition with increases in the genus Prevotella. Related changes in the predicted amino and nucleic acid metabolic pathways were also evident, along with increased acetate and butyrate level. Therefore, the synergistic effect of L. gasseri KBL697 and IFX co-administration is a possible method of prevention and treatment for IBD.
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Immunologic Factors; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Infliximab; Lactobacillus gasseri; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35688918
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13753-6 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Periodontitis is an infectious inflammation in the gums characterized by loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Its persistent inflammation could result in...
Periodontitis is an infectious inflammation in the gums characterized by loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Its persistent inflammation could result in tooth loss and other health issues. Ixeris dentata (IXD) and Lactobacillus gasseri media (LGM) demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, which may prevent oxidative and inflammatory periodontitis. Here, IXD and LGM extracts were investigated for antioxidative activity against oral discomfort and evaluated for their synergistic effect against oxidative and inflammatory periodontitis in a mouse model. IXD/LGM suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, it reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and enhanced AKT, Nrf2, and HO-1 activation. Similarly, IXD/LGM treatment elevated osteogenic proteins and mRNAs; alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 (COL1), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT analysis confirm the positive impact of IXD/LGM on the periodontal structure and its associated inflammation. These findings demonstrate that IXD/LGM inhibits oxidative stress, periodontal inflammation, and its resultant alveolar bone loss in which Akt (also known as protein kinase B)-nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling is involved. Thus, IXD/LGM is a potential candidate against oxidative/inflammatory stress-associated periodontitis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Lactobacillus gasseri; Periodontitis; Inflammation; Antioxidants; Asteraceae; Heme Oxygenase-1
PubMed: 37553432
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39853-5 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2021Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive non-spore-forming rods usually found in the microbiota of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genitourinary...
BACKGROUND
Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive non-spore-forming rods usually found in the microbiota of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genitourinary tract. Also, they are commonly used in the food industry as supplements and probiotics. Lactobacilli are normally considered non-pathogenic to the human body, however, under certain circumstances such as immunosuppression, they can cause severe infections, with only a few cases of bacteremia, infective endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, and intra-abdominal infections reported. Among these presentations, a pyogenic liver abscess is rather rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
We describe the case of a 59-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and multiple abdominal surgeries with the latest being in 2014 presenting with bacteremia and multiple large pyogenic liver abscesses due to Lactobacillus gasseri, which did not appear to be related to the use of probiotics or immunosuppression.
CONCLUSIONS
Given the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the increased use of probiotics, it is expected that in the future we will see an increase in infections caused by Lactobacilli. Medical management with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage were successful strategies for the treatment of this unusual case of pyogenic liver abscesses and bacteremia caused by Lactobacillus gasseri.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Diabetes Complications; Drainage; Humans; Lactobacillus gasseri; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34078320
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06181-w -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Vaginal microbiome and the local innate immune defense, including the complement system, contribute to anti- and proinflammatory homeostasis during pregnancy and...
BACKGROUND
Vaginal microbiome and the local innate immune defense, including the complement system, contribute to anti- and proinflammatory homeostasis during pregnancy and parturition. The relationship between commensal vaginal bacteria and complement activation during pregnancy and delivery is not known.
OBJECTIVE
To study the association of the cervicovaginal microbiota composition to activation and regulation of the complement system during pregnancy and labor.
STUDY DESIGN
We recruited women during late pregnancy (weeks 41 + 5 to 42 + 0, n=48) and women in active labor (weeks 38 + 4 to 42 + 2, n=25). Mucosal swabs were taken from the external cervix and lateral fornix of the vagina. From the same sampling site, microbiota was analyzed with 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing. A Western blot technique was used to detect complement C3, C4 and factor B activation and presence of complement inhibitors. For semiquantitative analysis, the bands of the electrophoresed proteins in gels were digitized on a flatbed photo scanner and staining intensities were analyzed using ImageJ/Fiji win-64 software. Patient data was collected from medical records and questionnaires.
RESULTS
The vaginal microbiota was -dominant in most of the samples (n=60), and being the dominant species. and were found to be more abundant during pregnancy than active labor. abundance correlated with C4 activation during pregnancy but not in labor. was associated with C4 activation both during pregnancy and labor. The amount of correlated with factor B activation during pregnancy but not during labor. was more abundant during pregnancy than labor and correlated with C4 activation during labor and with factor B activation during pregnancy. Activation of the alternative pathway factor B was significantly stronger during pregnancy compared to labor. During labor complement activation may be inhibited by the abundant presence of factor H and FHL1.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota could have a role in the local activation and regulation of complement-mediated inflammation during pregnancy. At the time of parturition complement activation appears to be more strictly regulated than during pregnancy.
Topics: Bacteria; Complement Activation; Complement Factor B; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; LIM Domain Proteins; Microbiota; Muscle Proteins; Parturition; Pregnancy; Vagina
PubMed: 35958597
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925630 -
Translational Oncology Sep 2023Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is necessary for the development of cervical cancers. An increasing number of retrospective studies have found the...
Lactobacillus gasseri LGV03 isolated from the cervico-vagina of HPV-cleared women modulates epithelial innate immune responses and suppresses the growth of HPV-positive human cervical cancer cells.
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is necessary for the development of cervical cancers. An increasing number of retrospective studies have found the depletion of Lactobacillus microbiota in the cervico-vagina facilitate HPV infection and might be involved in viral persistence and cancer development. However, there have been no reports confirming the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus microbiota isolated from cervico-vaginal samples of HPV clearance in women. Using cervico-vaginal samples from HPV persistent infection and clearance in women, this study investigated the local immune properties in cervical mucosa. As expected, type I interferons, such as IFN-α and IFN-β, and TLR3 globally downregulated in HPV+ persistence group. Luminex cytokine/chemokine panel analysis revealed that L. jannaschii LJV03, L. vaginalis LVV03, L. reuteri LRV03, and L. gasseri LGV03 isolated from cervicovaginal samples of HPV clearance in women altered the host's epithelial immune response, particularly L. gasseri LGV03. Furthermore, L. gasseri LGV03 enhanced the poly (I:C)-induced production of IFN by modulating the IRF3 pathway and attenuating poly (I:C)-induced production of proinflammatory mediators by regulating the NF-κB pathway in Ect1/E6E7 cells, indicating that L. gasseri LGV03 keeps the innate system alert to potential pathogens and reduces the inflammatory effects during persistent pathogen infection. L. gasseri LGV03 also markedly inhibited the proliferation of Ect1/E6E7 cells in a zebrafish xenograft model, which may be attributed to an increased immune response mediated by L. gasseri LGV03.
PubMed: 37331103
DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101714 -
MSphere Aug 2023, , , and are dominant species of the urogenital microbiota. Prior studies suggest that these species play a significant role in the urobiome of healthy females. In...
, , , and are dominant species of the urogenital microbiota. Prior studies suggest that these species play a significant role in the urobiome of healthy females. In our prior genomic analysis of all publicly available and genomes at the time ( = 43), we identified genes unique to these two closely related species. This motivated our further exploration here into their genotypic differences as well as into their phenotypic differences. First, we expanded genome sequence representatives of both species to 61 strains, including publicly available strains and nine new strains sequenced here. Genomic analyses conducted include phylogenetics of the core genome as well as biosynthetic gene cluster analysis and metabolic pathway analyses. Urinary strains of both species were assayed for their ability to utilize four simple carbohydrates. We found that strains can efficiently catabolize maltose, trehalose, and glucose, but not ribose, and strains can utilize maltose and glucose, but not trehalose and ribose. Metabolic pathway analysis clearly shows the lack of within strains, indicative of its inability to catabolize external sources of trehalose. While genotypic and phenotypic observations provide insight into the differences between these two species, we did not find any association with urinary symptom status. Through this genomic and phenotypic investigation, we identify markers that can be leveraged to clearly distinguish these two species in investigations of the female urogenital microbiota. IMPORTANCE We have expanded upon our prior genomic analysis of and strains, including nine new genome sequences. Our bioinformatic analysis finds that and cannot be distinguished by short-read 16S rRNA gene sequencing alone. Thus, to discriminate between these two species, future studies of the female urogenital microbiome should employ metagenomic sequencing and/or sequence species-specific genes, such as those identified here. Our bioinformatic examination also confirmed our prior observations of differences between the two species related to genes associated with carbohydrate utilization, which we tested here. We found that the transport and utilization of trehalose are key distinguishing traits of , which is further supported by our metabolic pathway analysis. In contrast with other urinary species, we did not find strong evidence for either species, nor particular genotypes, to be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (or the lack thereof).
Topics: Female; Humans; Vagina; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Maltose; Lactobacillus; Genotype
PubMed: 37366621
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00562-22